There's a photo which has been circulating recently on
Facebook . It shows a
sign which says "WE CAN QUOTE THE BIBLE TOO: A marriage shall be considered valid only if
the wife is a virgin. If
the wife is not a virgin, she shall be executed.
(Deuteronomy 22:13-21)"So of course I pulled up the passage from Deuteronomy to read what is actually says.
"If a man marry a wife, and afterwards hate her, And
seek occasions to put her away, laying to her charge a very ill name, and say:
I took this woman to wife, and going in to her, I found her not a virgin: Her
father and mother shall take her, and shall bring with them the tokens of her
virginity to the ancients of the city that are in the gate: And the father
shall say: I gave my daughter unto this man to wife: and because he hateth her,
He layeth to her charge a very ill name, so as to say: I found not thy daughter
a virgin: and behold these are the tokens of my daughter's virginity. And they
shall spread the cloth before the ancients of the city: And the ancients of
that city shall take that man, and beat him, Condemning him besides in a
hundred sides of silver, which he shall give to the damsel's father, because he
hath defamed by a very ill name a virgin of Israel: and he shall have her to
wife, and may not put her away all the days of his life. But if what he charged
her with be true, and virginity be not found in the damsel: They shall cast her out of the doors of her
father's house, and the men of the city shall stone her to death, and she shall
die: because she hath done a wicked thing in Israel, to play the whore in her
father's house: and thou shalt take away the evil out of the midst of
thee."
The marriage in the scenario presented in this passage is
not considered invalid simply because the woman is not a virgin, nor is she
executed simply for that reason. In fact, the passage doesn't address the
validity of the marriage because the validity of the marriage is assumed. So
why is she to be executed? Good question. The answer is "because she hath
done a wicked thing in Israel, to play the whore in her father's house."
The situation described here is that of a woman who is
already betrothed but commits adultery before the marriage is consummated with
her husband. How do we know she is betrothed? The Hebrew language has two words
for virgin: almah - an espoused virgin - and bethuwlah - a virgin who is not
espoused. "Almah" is the word used here. Therefore it must be noted
that once a couple was betrothed, there was considered to be a valid marriage
even before the marriage was consummated.
Fornication alone was not punishable by death, if you read in
Deuteronomy 22:28-29 "If a man find a damsel that is a virgin, who is not
espoused, and taking her, lie with her, and the matter come to judgment : He
that lay with her shall give to the father of the maid fifty sides of silver,
and shall have her to wife, because he hath humbled her: he may not put her
away all the days of his life." So it is obvious that the reason for
execution is not simply her lack of virginity. However, adultery was grounds
for the death penalty, as it states in Deuteronomy 22:22 "If a man lie
with another man's wife, they shall both die, that is to say, the adulterer and
the adulteress: and thou shalt take away the evil out of Israel." Since
this statement immediately follows the earlier passage, it seems to logically
flow out of and elaborate upon the earlier statement.
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